bati ‘bowl’
bhãŋga ‘break’
bheŋge jawa ‘break, break by itself’
bheŋge dewa ‘break, somebody breaks it themself’
bheŋge dilo ‘broke’
borof ‘snow’
also pron. boroph
chola ‘peel’
chowa ‘touch’
dorja ‘door’
ghola ‘melt’
ghola ‘neck’
ghonʈi ‘doorbell,
churchbell’
dorjaer ghonʈi
‘doorbell’ (specific)
ʃuljo ‘sun’
tap ‘heat’
Phonetics note: I
often felt I heard the /ŋg/ cluster being realized as just [ŋ], especially in
the form /bʱeŋge/.
bajlo impl.
‘rang itself’
bajalo impl.
‘somebody rang it’
bhaŋɡlo impl.
‘somebody broke it’
bhaŋgalo impl.
‘got a third person to break something’
chowalo impl.
‘got somebody to touch it’
bhaŋguk ‘let it break, let someone else break it’
briʃti bati-ʈa-ke bhaŋglo.
brishti bowl-def-obj broke
Brishti broke the
bowl.
briʃti bati-ʈa-ke bheŋge dilo.
brishti bowl-def-obj break gave
Brishti broke the
bowl.
kap-ʈa bhaŋglo.
cup-def broke
The cup broke.
kap-ʈa bheŋge galo.
cup-def break went
The cup broke.
ˣkap-ʈa bheŋge
dilo.
briʃti o-ʈa-ke bhaŋglo.
brishti that-def-obj broke
Brishti broke it.
briʃti o-ʈa bhaŋglo.
brishti that-def broke
Brishti broke it.
briʃti o-ʈa-ke bheŋge dilo.
brishti that-def-obj break gave
Brishti broke it.
briʃti o-ʈa bheŋge dilo.
brishti that-def break gave
Brishti broke it.
ˣbriʃti oʈake bheŋge
galo.
o-ʈa bheŋge galo.
that-def break went
It broke.
o-ʈa bhaŋglo.
that-def broke
It broke.
o-ʈa-ke bhaŋglo.
that-def-obj broke
It broke. (=implies
somebody broke it)
ˣoʈa bheŋge dilo.
ˣoʈake bheŋge galo.
raja ghonʈi-ʈa-ke bajalo.
raja bell-def-obj rang
Raja rang the bell.
raja ghonʈi-ʈa bajalo.
raja bell-def rang
Raja rang the bell.
?raja ghonʈi-ke bajalo.
raja bell-obj rang
Raja rang Ghonti.
(=implies it’s somebody named Ghonti).
raja o-ʈa-ke bajalo.
raja that-def-obj rang
Raja rang it.
raja o-ʈa bajalo.
raja that-def rang
Raja rang it.
?raja o-ke bajalo.
raja that-obj rang
Raja rang that
person.
ghonʈi-ʈa bajlo.
bell-def rang
The bell rang.
ghonʈi bajlo.
bell rang
The bell rang.
ˣraja ghonʈiʈake bajlo.
o-ʈa bajlo.
that-def rang
It rang.
?o bajlo.
that rang
That person rang.
(not ring as in a telephone call -- not much sense made)
ami o-ʈa-ke bhaŋgalam.
I that-def-obj broke
I got somebody else
to break it.
impl. it could have broken by itself
and you caused it, but you physically did not touch it or do anything directly
to it.
ami o-ʈa-ke bajalam.
I that-def-obj rang
I rang it.
ami o-ke die ghonʈi-ʈa-ke bajalam.
I that-obj got bell-def-obj rang
I got that person to
ring the bell.
ami friend-er dara
oʈake bhaŋgalam.
I friend-poss via that-def-obj broke
I got (my) friend to
break it.
pretty sure the ‘er’ here is
necessary to use ‘dara’ and is not saying ‘my friend’, it’s just implied
ami o-ʈa-ke bhaŋgalam.
I that-def-obj broke
I broke it.
(=physically)
borof-ʈa ghole galo.
snow-def melt went
The snow melted.
ʃuljo-er tap borof-ʈa-ke gholie dilo.
sun-poss heat snow-def-obj melt gave
The sun’s heat melted
the snow.
ʃuljo-er tap borof-ʈa gholie dilo.
sun-poss heat snow-def melt gave
The sun’s heat melted
the snow.
both of these impl. that it’s
finished melting
ʃuljo-er tap borof-ʈa-ke gholalo.
sun-poss heat snow-def-obj melt
The sun’s heat melted
the snow.
ʃuljo-er tap borof-ʈa gholalo.
sun-poss heat snow-def melt
The sun’s heat melted
the snow.
both of these impl. that it’s still
happening, and/or that there is uncertainty of how far along the process of
melting has gotten
ʃuljoer tap oʈake
gholie dilo.
ʃuljoer tap oʈake
gholalo.
The sun melted it. (see above)
o-ʈa gholegalam.
that-def melted
It melted. (=done
melting)
o-ʈa gholo.
that-def melted
It melted. (=unsure, could be finished but might not be)
?oke gholie dilo.
that-obj melt gave
That person melted.
?o ʃulj-er tap-e ghole galo.
that sun-poss heat-in melt went
That person melted in
the sun’s heat.
briʃti korgoʃ-ʈa-ke chulo.
brishti rabbit-def-obj touched
Brishti touched the
rabbit.
briʃti korgoʃ-ʈa chulo.
brishti rabbit-def touched
Brishti touched the
rabbit. (=lack of /ke/ implies the rabbit is dead)
briʃti korgoʃ-ʈa-ke chowalo.
brishti rabbit-def-obj touched
Brishti got the
rabbit touched (by somebody).
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