8/31 class notes

t̪ʰúmi kʰǽmon atʃʰó - how are you (informal) (lit. "you how are?")
ápni kʰǽmon atʃʰén - how are you (formal)
t̪ʰúi kʰǽmon atʃʰíʃ - how are you (v. informal)
ámi bʰáːlo atʃʰí - I'm well (lit. "I good am")
d̪ʰón:obad̪ - thank you
ɖáɖa - bye!
bíɖai - goodbye (formal)
áʃtʃʰi - bye, see you (lit. "coming")
kʰɔ́ma kɔɽó - sorry (lit. "forgive me") - is there some velarization on the /r/? And Paroma has some frication?
dʰójakoɽe - ~please
ábaɻ búlʈe paɻbén - please repeat that (formal) - I'm hearing a different /r/ here?
ábaɻ búlʈe paɻbí - repeat that (v. informal)
ábaɻ búlʈe paɻbé - repeat that (informal) - def some velarization. I think Harsha has [ɹ] and Paroma has [ɻ ~ ɽ].
hat̪ʰ - hand
bʰáʃa - language
ʃád̪ʰu - sage
ʃád̪ʰu bʰáʃa - formal language
tʃólit̪ - colloquial, layman (lit. "walking")
tʃólit̪ bʰáʃa - spoken language
kʰaʈ - bed (from Portuguese?) - very poppy release on the /ʈ/
álmaɽi - closet, armoire
bã - left
bã d̪íke - left direction
ɖã ~ ɖan - right - very light retroflexion
ej d̪ike - this way
ej - this
pa - leg/foot
b̃a pa - left foot
tʃóltʃʰi - moveing
ámi tʃóltʃʰi - I move
haʈtʃʰi - walking
ámi haʈtʃʰi - I am walking
háʈa - to walk
ɻást̪a - road
tʃóla - move
dʒukt̪ akʰːɔ́ɻ - to join characters
ámi aʃtʃʰí - I'm coming
áʃa - to come
d̪ǽkʰa hɔ́be - see you! (lit. "seeing fut.")
ámi d̪ekʰtʃʰi - I'm seeing
gʰoɽá - to turn ("front R")
gʰoɻá - horse ("back R")
gʰuɽtʃʰi - I'm turning (def velarization on the /r/.)
ʃát̪aɽ kʰáʈa - to swim
kʰáʈa- to cut
nṍŋgɽa - dirty, dirt
káʈa - mud
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Observations/hypotheses:

• dental/retroflex contrast in stops & nasals
• contrastive aspiration on stops/affricates
• contrastive voicing
• geminate Cs
• 3 contrastive nasals /m, n, ŋ/
• 6-8 vowel system (i, e, ɛ?, æ, u, o, ɔ, a)
• AN order
• SV order
• 3 levels of politeness

Questions:

• How general is the umlaut process seen ie in "I turn"?
• Pro-drop?
• TAM marking?
• Other verbal morphology? Full paradigms?
• Are e/ɛ contrastive?
• Is there nasal/stop place assimilation?
• are ʃ/s contrastive, or ʃ -> s / _C?
• What's up with those rhotics?
• How many laterals?
• I don't have any aspirated retroflexes yet - am I just not hearing it?